Roots of Hindu-Muslim Tension in India

Foundations of Hindu-Muslim Tension in India India has had a long history of strict viciousness, stemming as ahead of schedule as the Middle Ages when Muslim development spread into the Indian landmass to the British Invasion of the center nineteenth century. Different occasions since the beginning have added to the strain between the Hindus and the Muslims; a few Indians changed over to Islam to reduce pressure, yet the delicate conjunction between Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims persistently offered approach to viciousness between the two gatherings.   As essential setting, Hinduism is viewed as one of the universes most established religions. It originates before Christianity and Islam by hundreds of years. Hinduism is a troublesome religion to comprehend in light of the fact that it doesnt have a carefully organized allowance of faith based expectations. In a bigger number of ways than one, Hinduism is comprehensive of different religions, for example, Christianity, Jainism, Buddhism, and so forth. It is frequently viewed as to a greater degree a lifestyle or a philosophical allowance of faith based expectations as opposed to a religion as different beliefs would be viewed as. Hinduism sees life as a pattern of birth, passing, and resurrection, with Karma going about as a controlling power. Islam is a monotheistic religion dependent on the lessons of the Prophet Muhammad, who lived between 570-632 BCE. Supporters of Islam are called Muslims and Muslims venerate the Supreme Being, Allah, and follow his disclosures contained in the ir hallowed content, the Quran. This history of Hindu-Muslim pressure has for the most part been concentrated in political theories, as it is one of the most striking instances of Indian Politics, and the topic of how and why uproars happen has been a problem that is begging to be addressed for quite a long time. Nonetheless, such history is likewise examined in strict examinations educators, for example, Valerie Stoker, a religion reasoning and works of art teacher at Wright State University. Her book, Polemics, and Patronage in the City of Victory: Vyã„⠁satã„â «rtha, Hindu Sectarianism, and the Sixteenth-Century Vijayanagara Court, utilizes the Vijayanagara Court as an approach to comprehend the dynamic association among strict and regal organizations during the timespan of 1346-1565. While Stokers primary inquiry is the way did the support exercises of Indias Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1346-1565) impact Hindu partisan personalities?, she tends to that the Vijayanagara Court was in reality extremely specif ic in its support of strict foundations. The Vijayanagara Court was the precolonial Southern Indian essential political force, with Vijayanagara, which means city of triumph for its status as the inside for rising worldwide economy. It pulled in vendors and business from Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Due to the riches Vijayanagara Court had gained by the mid 1500s, it had gotten one of the best and most assorted urban populaces of the world. Because of the expanded enthusiasm from the Middle East and intrusion of northern India, it was essentially known as a Hindu divider against Muslim attack. Geologically, Vijayanagara Court was situated in the focal point of the nation, incorporating individuals basically of the Hindu and Christian religions, as appeared in Map 1. In Map 1, the area that is demonstrated by Vijayanagara is the main district that is still principally Hindu and Christian, and note that the entirety of different areas above have been set apart with Muslim attacks, for example, Faruqi Imad Shahi Nizam Shahi Barid Shahi Qutb Shahi Shitab Khan The sources of the Vijayanagara Court have been noted to be the consequence of the Sangama Dynasty of 1336-1337, in which the rulers, Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, were presidents when positioned in the Hoysala Empire to avert the Muslims during the early intrusion endeavors of South India. The Hoysala Empire was the remainder of the Hindu expresses that endure the intrusion around then. In any case, these sources are not affirmed, however Stoker guarantees that after the passing of Hoysala lord, Veera Ballala III, during a fight against the Sultan of Madurai in 1343, the Hoysala Empire converged with the developing Vijayanagara domain. Until 1509, the Vijayanagara Court averted five attacks from the Deccan Sultanates, five traditions joined into one huge domain. These five traditions incorporated the Muslim-controlled late medieval realms of Bijapur, Golkonda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar of south-focal India. This Sultanate is by all accounts what caused severe relations between the Hindu and the Muslims on the grounds that as of right now, starting 1500 AD, India experienced a broad time of strict brutality on account of the Sultans Army. Of the two orders of Islam, the culprits were Sunni Muslim and the essential casualties were Hindus. Between the long stretches of 1000 and 1500, the number of inhabitants in the Indian subcontinent had diminished by eighty million. Indeed, even the Hindus that has changed over to Islam were not saved in the viciousness. Stoker principally centers around South India, and religion is for the most part examined in the section called Hindu, Ecumenical, Sectarian: Religion and the Vijayanagara Court, in which the above data originates from. Notwithstanding, note that the Vijayanagara Court in itself, as a solid Hindu Empire, had severe principles on which organization of Hinduism would essentially be followed and which order had the administering power during the rule. Inside Hinduism itself, there are numerous organizations. These organizations, since Hinduism has no focal principle, follow conventions and convictions in understanding of the three primary divine beings: Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma. Shiva, being The Destroyer, Vishnu, being The Protector, and Brahma, being The Creator. The Hindu groups who follow Brahma as their managing power, are the ones that viewed as the most unadulterated and the most extreme devotees of Hinduism. Verifiably, the Brahmins; adherents of Brahma, were basically the emin ence or upper white collar class. Along these lines, the Vijayanagara Court were likewise solid Brahmins, and Vijayanagara royals strict support assumed a basic job in forming the different down to earth instruments that empowered the realm to work (Stoker, Chapter 6). Presently, note that the Vijayanagara Court wasnt consistently represented by the Brahmins. Initially, when the realm was made, the originators, Harihara I and Bukka Raya I, were solid aficionados of Shiva. Regardless of their partisan inclinations, the Vijayanagara rulers, all in all, embraced the purposeful strategy of resilience towards all organizations to consolidate them all inside the approach. The following ruler after Harihara and Bukka Raya, Devaraya II, assumed control over the realm and was esteemed the best of the entirety of the rulers that had control over the Vijayanagara Court. Faithfully strict, Devaraya II blessed Sri Vaishnava sanctuaries at Srirangam and Tirumalai, and supported Jain foundations in the capital and somewhere else since the most elevated type of commitment was found in complicated sanctuaries. Above all, Devaraya II utilized Muslims in his military and permitted them to rehearse their religion openly. In this manner, Vijayanagara royals very much kept up Indian conventions of resilience and inclusivism that all things considered favored explicit strict developments. That is very not quite the same as European states in a similar period, which, generally, held up until the Enlightenment to perceive the political estimation of strict resistance. However while here and there, these illuminated Indian mentalities toward strict assorted variety. To differentiate the overwhelming accentuation on precolonial South India that Valerie Stoker places in her monograph, Audrey Truschke, a postdoctoral individual at Stanford University, examines the Northern Indian part of the Hindu-Muslim pressure in a section of her new book, Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court. Truschke contends that a large portion of the strict clash India is filled by ideological suppositions about that period [medieval times] as opposed to a precise rendering of the subcontinents history. In pages 27-63, Truschke talks about the impact of Brahmins in the Mughal Empire, which was the essential administering Islamic realm of the North. The Mughal Empire was about a century later than the Vijayanagara Court, administering during the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years, established close to the furthest limit of the Vijayanagara Court, in 1526. Babur was the author of the Mughal Empire, and along these lines its first ruler. He attacked India from Central Asia with just 12,000 men, and vanquished numerous bigger militaries, in the end framing the Mughal Empire. Humayun, Baburs child, lost control of his domain not long after taking the seat. With the assistance of his Persian guides, Humayun recovered his domain and even extended toward the South and East. It is imperative to note here the Persian impact and the assistance of Persian and Central Asian counselors fixed what was to be a durable social effect from the subcontinents western neighbors. Later during his rule, the nearness of Persian consultants was a consistent component of his court. The Emperor Akbar the Great, who managed the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605, was one of the most significant Mughal rulers for encouraging strict union among Muslims and Hindus. His confided in companion and consultant, Abul Fazl, composed a book, the Akbarnama (Truschke, Chapter 4), portraying the standard of ruler Akbar including Akbars strict perspectives and strategies toward Hindus. Abul Fazl expounded a ton on the associations and approaches that the Muslim government built up in light of the Hindu greater part. This shows the resilience of the Muslim authority toward another religion so as to keep power calmly. The content even discussions about the likenesses in the religions. The resilience and acknowledgment appeared to the Hindus by the Muslim leaders of the time were a politically adroit move. Administering a realm where most of the populace didn't have indistinguishable strict perspectives from the decision class introduced numerous deterrents, and required the Mughal r ulers to rehearse strict affectability so as to look after force. In any case, what is fascinating about Truschkes contention in the primary part of her book is that she additionally thinks that its imperative to highlig

In sociocultural terms, Rodgers and Hammerstein could be said to have Essay

In sociocultural terms, Rodgers and Hammerstein could be said to have designed the American Dream. Talk about - Essay Example Richards Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II ponder the fantasy and remembering the change of American individuals and the country, they cooperated to make this fantasy work out as expected in their musicals.â American Dream is an aggregate creative mind that demonstrates the presence of an existence where the people’s character would be at last acknowledged and afterward the fantasies would move each and everybody to live calmly. In socio-social terms, Rodgers and Hammerstein could be said to have concocted the American Dream. The advancement of American personality by the melodic auditorium has been model. American dream is something expectation yet shallow due to the way that it must be accepted in this century.â In the year 1940, another Theater Guild melodic delivered Away We Go! This was Rodgers’ and Hammerstein’s first work. Oscar Hammerstein II was a lyricist and together they made this melodic that the crowd discovered exhausting, genuine and antiquated. In any case, they rolled out certain improvements in a similar melodic and furthermore changed its name to Oklahoma! This improvement of the melodic presently found another methodology towards the crowd and it was loved by all. The individuals were confronting a troublesome time on account of the virus war and this melodic furnished help and unburdened their issues with captivating tunes, as ‘ individuals will say we are in love,’ ‘the Surrey With the Fringe on Top,’ ‘Many a New Day,’ ‘Ou t of My Dreams,’ ‘Kansas City,’ ‘I Can’t Say No,’ ‘Oklahoma!’,etc. (Zinsser, 180). In socio-social terms, Rodgers and Hammerstein have designed the American dream due to their melodic that awesomy affected the individuals living in 1940s. The melodic must be comprehended and felt by the crowd so as to identify with the conduct of the characters that had a social setting in the melodic. This melodic earned gestures of recognition

Social responsibilities of multinational corporations Essay - 1

Social duties of worldwide companies - Essay Example So as to substantiate themselves right, and conceal their defects in satisfying their social duty, a couple of worldwide organizations have made various strides that reflect adherence to their social obligation. In this paper, I will contend that most global organizations have ignored their commitments to regard human privileges of their host nations, and have kept on disregarding human rights in a roundabout way, as they gain by the shortcomings in their host’s government frameworks, and absence of standard rights, while winning large benefits in their host nations. Worldwide companies expand their creation and showcasing forms into various world locales. In the new business condition, these multinationals impact the host nations. These endeavor the assets and work in these nations with a point of making more benefits. It has been contended that the global companies in the creating nations accomplish more mischief than anything and capacity there without a social still, small voice. Most multinationals have decided to work in all the more creating nations in light of the fact that the business guidelines and limitations there are less close when contrasted with those in the West (Arnold 156). A few researchers have contended that worldwide enterprises assume a significant job in the modernization and globalization forms. This contention bases on the way that these present new innovation and capital market in the host nations. In the event that the host nations are creating countries, they profit by all the western resources that the worldwide organizations accompany. In spite of the fact that the worldwide companies may seem free enterprise, these serve the requirements of the general public, while seeking after their own advantages. These companies utilize effectiveness and profitability, with worldwide activities, and help in the dispersion of products around the globe. A few investigators have in this manner contended that since the global companies have an incredible effect on the planet, their exercises, connections to the administrations, and their general impact on the universal framework should be known (Arnold 156). Patterns in human rights keep on evolving today, and human rights issues have stopped to become matters of the state as it were. There are progressively global organizations today, and a portion of the worries raised about human rights issues originate from these companies. Today, extraordinary global partnerships have been associated with various cases concerning their infringement of human rights in the host nations. This is anything but another event, as human rights infringement by global enterprises can be followed back to the eighteenth century. The non-administrative associations today blame worldwide enterprises for causing natural corruption in the host nations, abuse of seaward assembly line laborers, and the denying representatives their entitlement to affiliation and free discourse. In any case, th e multinationals contend that they reserve an option to impact the open arrangement of their host nation. Be that as it may, these affect the country’s open strategy, along these lines, neglecting to satisfy their social duty (Arnold 155). As indicated by Donaldson, the rights individuals underestimate in the United States are incredibly abused in certain nations, and residents are denied these rights. For example, consequences of a meeting directed in Central America in 1987,

Tu Perfil para el MBA El Rendimiento Académico

En mi artà ­culo anterior observà ¡bamos los cinco elementos que todo aplicante a un programa de MBA debe analizar. En este artà ­culo abordaremos el primero: el rendimiento acadà ©mico. Tu rendimiento acadà ©mico en la universidad, desde el primer hasta el à ºltimo aà ±o, es muy importante para cualquier aplicacià ³n de maestrà ­a, y el MBA no es una excepcià ³n. Las oficinas de admisiones tradicionalmente analizan tres aspectos importantes de tu rendimiento: 1. El desempeà ±o en cada una de tus clases, con especial à ©nfasis en las clases mà ¡s rigurosas y las mà ¡s cuantitativas. Anotan en quà © clases saliste bien y en cuales no, con especial atencià ³n a cualquier reprobado que hayas tenido. Es importante que si hay anomalà ­as en tus calificaciones, que las sepas justificar en los ensayos. Para ello muchas escuelas ofrecen la oportunidad de reportar en el ensayo opcional cualquier anomalà ­a en tu desempeà ±o, dando las razones para justificar notas problemà ¡ticas. Por ejemplo, vale la pena indicar si el bajo rendimiento fue por causa de una enfermedad en la familia, o por mantener un trabajo mientras estudiabas, o por alguna situacià ³n personal que te impidià ³ que te dedicaras al cien por ciento a tus clases. 2. La reputacià ³n de tu universidad. Si la universidad en donde te graduaste no es muy conocida en el exterior, es importante que indiques en tu aplicacià ³n como està ¡ posicionada en comparacià ³n con otras universidades en tu paà ­s o en tu regià ³n, asà ­ como quà © tan selectiva es en admitir estudiantes; hay universidades que seleccionan a sus estudiantes mediante un riguroso examen de admisià ³n. Si tà º fuiste uno de los seleccionados, hazlo saber en las aplicaciones. Muchas veces puedes mencionarlo tanto en tu hoja de vida (curriculum vitae) como en la misma aplicacià ³n. Para este tipo de informacià ³n es importante incluir datos cuantitativos y no solo subjetivos. Por ejemplo, para recalcar la reputacià ³n de tu universidad, haz referencia a rankings que la incluyan, y para indicar el grado de selectividad indica el porcentaje de estudiantes que son aceptados con respecto a los que solicitan admisià ³n. 3. La continuidad de tu desempeà ±o. Las oficinas de admisiones se fijan muy detenidamente en la carga acadà ©mica que tuviste aà ±o con aà ±o, y ponen atencià ³n particular si hay perà ­odos en los que disminuiste tu carga de estudio. Por ejemplo, cualquier semestre donde talvà ©z decidiste tomar un trabajo de tiempo completo y te tomaste un descanso del estudio, o aquel aà ±o donde decidiste aminorar tu carga acadà ©mica de cinco clases y tomaste solamente dos. Igual que con el primer punto, prepà ¡rate para justificar y/o explicar tu situacià ³n en la aplicacià ³n. Si obtuviste un bajo rendimiento en las matemà ¡ticas y otras clases cuantitativas, recomiendo que tomes cursos independientes en materias como contabilidad, finanzas, economà ­a, cà ¡lculo, y estadà ­stica. Puedes tomarlos en cualquier universidad local debidamente acreditada, pero asegà ºrate de sacar notas sobresalientes. Esto aminorarà ¡ el efecto que puede tener un bajo rendimiento en la universidad, porque estarà ¡s demostrando que sà ­ estas capacitado para asumir el rigor acadà ©mico de un MBA. Finalmente, junto con notas sobresalientes en esos cursos, debes demostrar tu capacidad con un GMAT o GRE altos, un tema que trataremos en el siguiente artà ­culo. Si te gustarà ­a tener una guà ­a professional que te ayude con tus aplicaciones para el MBA, considera los  servicios MBA essay editing  o  MBA Application Packages. Ambos incluyen asesoramiento general, revisià ³n de los ensayos, entrenamiento para las entrevistas, y revisià ³n de tu hoja de vida (Curriculum Vitae). hbspt.cta.load(58291, '468543e9-2fbf-46b9-abeb-b88daaf6ae14', {}); Por  Esmeralda Cardenal, ex Directora Asociada de Admisiones de la Escuela de Negocios de Yale, ex Directora de Admisiones de MBA de Michigan State University, y consultora para Cardiff Business School en el Reino Unido. A Esmeralda le encantarà ­a ayudarte a preparar tu solicitud de admisià ³n al MBA de la mejor manera posible y contestar tus preguntas. Si quieres que Esmeralda te ayude a que te admitan a un programa de MBA, haz click aquà ­ para ponerte en contacto con ella. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚ ¿Cuà ¡l MBA es el Mejor Para Tà ­? †¢Ã‚  5 A’s for Your Low GPA [Podcast Episode] †¢ How to Apply to B-School With a Low GPA, Part 1

Christians Have All Of God - 863 Words

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Family Health Assessment Essay - 1245 Words

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A family healthRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1537 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Health Assessment Melody Moore Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Instructor: Renita Holmes May 10th 2013 Family Health Assessment A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelmanamp;Mandle, 2011).Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 in which she proposed functional health patterns as a guide to establishing a comprehensive data base.(Kriegleramp;Harton,1992).Gordon’s eleven functional health

Global Climate Change and Emissions

Question: Discuss about the Global Climate Change and Emissions. Answer: Introduction Climate change is a massive change in the weather patterns of the earth. It involves a shift in the general climate of a place. The term Climate change is specific in its usage and usually refers to a change in the climate of the earth (A.G. Russell, 2007, p. 143-152). Unlike weather change which takes place within a short time, climate change takes a long time. This could be hundreds of years or may even go up to millions of years. The report, therefore, has explored the entire topic of climate change, causes of the climate change, its impacts and the mitigation. The report is specifically built on the case study of Fiji. Causes of climate change Climate change is caused human activities or natural occurrences. Some of the natural activities that cause climate change include volcano eruption. Mans activities can also cause a climate change (Nelson and Palmer, 2007, p. 440-452). Humans burn fossil fuels which produce carbon. The emission of CO2 significantly contributes to global warning. Climate change is gradual but yet continuous. Currently, the temperatures of the earth are increasing. The earth is becoming warmer. The temperatures of the earth have gone up with about one degree. This change in temperatures seems small but has got a lot of effects on the earth (Boisvenue, et al. 2006, p. 1-12). Effects of climate change to the globe One of the effects of climate change includes global warming. Global warming means that some places will become hotter causing ice and snow to melt while other locations will experience colder winters. Again, most climate scientists have observed that climate change has also caused oceans to rise. The weather patterns have changed and some places are experience more rainfall, yet others less rainfall and this has, therefore affected the times of the year (Tagaris, et al. 2008, p.348-448). Fiji receives an annual average temperature of between 20-27 0c. Moreover, it receives variation in temperature during the day and night. Further, the country receives temperature change from season to the other. And the most recorded temperature varies according to the surrounding oceanic environment. The South Pacific convergence Zone movements largely determine the type of rainfall experienced in Fiji and this result to variation in the rainfall patterns in the country (Lal, 2003). The monsoon winds (trade winds) substantially determine the climate of Fiji and blows from the East to South East. Furthermore, the climate of Fiji considerably differs because of the El Nino South Oscillation. The Suva region the El Nino Events brings dry seasons that are drier and cooler, unlike the La Nina effects that carry wetter conditions. Also, the Tropical cyclones are experienced and majorly affect Fiji between November and April. Therefore, the climate pattern of Fiji is variable, and thus i t becomes tough to make an accurate prediction of the weather. It is because the change determinants are many and when the assessment is based on one factor, the climate will change based on the other that was not put into consideration. How climate change have affected Fiji Fiji has been majorly influenced by climate change. The coastal resources have been affected in many ways. For instance, the coasts of Fiji are experiencing coral bleaching due to increased sea surface temperatures. This has reduced coral growth, and therefore shoreline stability has reduced. Coral growth is necessary for aquatic life such as fisheries and other marine life. In addition to this, storm patterns have changed. The increase in storm magnitude has increased coastal erosion and inundation (Emanuel, et al. 2008, p. 347-367). The rising sea levels of Fiji due to climate change have also affected this country in a great way. It has experienced rising sea levels, and this has led to floods in the farms neighboring the water masses during high tide (Allan, et al. 2005, p. 200-250). The rise in the sea level has caused flooding which has invaded the Fiji residents in the homes. It led to displacements in various villages of Fiji. Many people have been forced to relocate, and even the government has come up with a program called climate change refugee (Juanes and Beland, 2004). This program has been concerned with handling the people displaced due to climate change. Also, it has also dealt in constructing fish ponds for the people in places which has been affected by the issues of climate change (Moore, et al. 2005, p. 1169-1177). The change has led to an increase in the frequency of epidemics. The outbreaks have resulted from the torrential rains. It is just one, but we have other water-borne diseases that have mostly affected the residents of Fiji as a result of floods and heavy rainfall (Gibson, 2012, p.23-50). Climate change has also affected Fijis tourism. Responsible Parties for Climate Change in Fiji Fiji is one of the countries that emit a lot of carbon to the environment (greenhouse gases). And the emissions are from industries and burning of fossils. The country has therefore shown the willingness to curb this and reduce the emissions. However, the country faces challenges attributed to pricing, lack of information, lack of standards for its imported machinery and appliances (Parmesan, 2006, p.367-669). Establishment of Advisory benchmarks on environmental issues, particularly the climate change and its social and economic impacts. Provision of education to people about the current climate change (Feresi, et al. 2000, p.123-140). Seek for funding from established States to aid in meeting the cost of catastrophe and drought preparedness, among others. Building of infrastructure to survive adverse weather events. Adhering to the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme regarding climate change issues. Political and economical measures Building an economy that relies on renewable sources of energy as opposed to carbon fossils. The government should increase the regulation climate on the levels of carbon emissions from the companies. Funding the research and development intended to explore energy efficiency and clean energy. Support innovative activities. It can be through partnering with the private and non-govern-mental organizations regarding reducing carbon IV oxide emissions. Climate measures A forestation and establishment of sustainable forest management to remove the green house from the atmosphere. Reduce the energy consumption. The reduction of power consumption will play a vital role in reducing the level of carbon IV oxide emitted in the air. Minimize the reclamation of the mangrove for residential areas. Health and water measures Adopting water sediment measures to reduce soil erosion as well as stagnation of water. Adopting flood control measures, for instance, river bed excavation Management of water resources. Flood management activities will reduce the spread of water-borne diseases. Utilizing land use controls and soil conservation. Agriculture Develop new farming systems. Strengthening land planning. Land planning is all about identifying the localities to plant particular species of plants. Use of sustainable production techniques. Energy Enhancing access to the reliable source of energy. As a result, people will adopt the use of renewable sources of energy that is environmental friendly as opposed to fossil fuels that causes global warming. Promoting the use of renewable power source. The government should enact sustainable bill regarding energy use. Conclusion Wrapping up, climate change is a matter of concern. Human causes of global warming can be prevented while the natural forces are beyond our control. We thus need to play our part in adhering to the discussed measures and take precautions regarding the natural causes. But majorly, human activities are the principal cause of climate change around the globe. Everyone, therefore, has a collective responsibility for ensuring that the environment is kept clean. It is paramount to focus the mitigation explored in the presentation in keeping the environment free from pollution. Furthermore, most of the current adverse environmental occurrences can cease and the Earth will again be a good place to live with predictable climate patterns. References Allan, J.D., M. A. Palmer, and N. L. Poff. (2005). Freshwater ecology In: T.E. Lovejoy and L. Hannah (Eds), Climate Change and Biodiversity. 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Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) at the southern edge of the species distribution: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 61:2392-2400. Lal, Brij V (2003). "Fiji Islands: From Immigration to Emigration. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.migrationinformation.org/profiles/display.cfm?ID=11014, on 21st December, 2016 Moore, A.M. and M.A. Palmer. (2005). Agricultural watersheds in urbanizing landscapes: implications for conservation of biodiversity of stream invertebrates. Ecological Applications 15:1169-1177. Nelson, K.C., and M.A. Palmer. (2007). Stream temperature surges under urbanization and climate change: data, models, and responses. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43:440-452. Parmesan, C. (2006). Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 37:637-669. Tagaris, et al. (2008). Global trends and variability in soil moisture and drought characteristics, 19502000, from observation-driven simulations of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle. Journal of Climate 21:432458.